Meeting called to order by Ira McDonald at 1pm US Eastern. Minutes taken by Ira McDonald.
Attendees
Agenda
- Status
- On 4-7 May 2021 we l had our annual meeting, the OpenPrinting Summit/PWG Meeting.
Because of the Corona virus situation we again had a virtual meeting.
- Smith Kennedy from HP wrote up a great summary of the meeting. There are also the
OpenPrinting minutes from Ira McDonald, the IDS minutes from Alan Sukert, and the
IPP minutes from Michael Sweet.
- The slides of all presentations are linked on the agenda of the event...
- Progress report - 600 printers certified for IPP Everywhere v1.0 - 92 printers certified for IPP Everywhere v1.1
- Progress report - No update
- Progress report - No update
- Progress report - No update
- Progress report
- Current PAPPL release is v1.0.3 on 21 April 2021.
- Michael Sweet has given a presentation about Printer Applications in general and
PAPPL at the OpenPrinting Summit/PWG meeting.
- See also the currently open and closed issues of PAPPL (see links above).
- Progress report - No update
- Progress report
- PostScript Printer Application in the Snap Store.
- Call for testing on the snapcraft.io forum and on the Ubuntu Discourse.
- Till has presented his work on the PostScript Printer Application at the
OpenPrinting Summit/PWG meeting and Michael Sweet has also given a presentation
about Printer Applications in general and PAPPL.
- Features and fixes in the past month:
- Following the CUPS Snap also switched to core20 and restricted build architectures
also here.
- Also here added the workaround for mDNS host name lookup as Till did for the CUPS
Snap.
- Added checking of the user's location via locale-related environment variables and,
based on this, use A4 or Letter as default paper size when a new print queue is
created, also posted appropriate feature request on PAPPL.
- Applied a patch for a PAPPL bug of changes of loaded media are not taken into
account when printing.
- Updated the built-in QPDF to 10.3.1 and Ghostscript to 9.54.
- Some clean-up in snapcraft.yaml.
- Unfortunately, some things in the PostScript Printer Application are not working as
expected due to bugs in PAPPL and/or in printer firmware:
- USB connection only uni-directional (this especially leads to polling option
defaults and installable accessory configuration not working): This seems to be
a problem (firmware bug) in Till's HP OfficeJet Pro 8730, as for other printer
models it is reported to work.
- When creating a print queue via command line, Till cannot auto-select the driver
(you cannot use -m auto when creating a print queue via command line): This works
for USB-connected devices now, but for network devices a further fix is needed.
- For creation of GUI tools to easily find Printer Applications and set up printers
we would need these improvements:
- Extend "ps-printer-app drivers" to also show supported device IDs
- Add subcommand to simply ask whether a given printer is supported
- With appropriate features added to PAPPL, we will be able to also add the
following:
- Human-readable strings for vendor options. Needs support in PAPPL.
- Ink level check via ps_status() function. Needs support in PAPPL.
- Once having these features implemented, the PostScript Printer Application is
complete so far.
- Up to 21 May 2021, the PostScript Printer Application Snap got installed from the
Snap Store more than 1000 times! Note that it is still only on the Edge channel,
there is not yet an "official" release.
- Progress report - No update
- Progress report
- Mopria has published the specifications of the eSCL scanning protocol!
- You can download it at the link above.
- Principally, it is the same as AirScan, the scanning part of Apple's AirPrint.
- As long as the printer hardware industry does not adopt IPP Scan, we can simply do
our client/server scan architecture for Scanner Applications as snappable scanner
drivers with eSCL. Note: This is not integrated with IPP System Service for the
management of multi-function printers.
- See our discussion thread on the OpenPrinting mailing list. Please subscribe to
participate in the discussion.
- sane-airscan got finally, two days before Final Freeze of Ubuntu Hirsute (21.04),
accepted into the main part of the distribution and so it is now in default desktop
installation. This will make the scanners in most modern multi-function printers,
plus some stand-alone models (like Canon LIDE 300) work with Ubuntu Hirsute
out-of-the-box.
- Progress report
- CUPS Snap in the Snap Store.
- Call for testing on the snapcraft.io forum and on the Ubuntu Discourse.
- As reported in the April news, Till has worked out a security concept with the
snapd developers to print from user application Snaps without allowing
administrative access to CUPS. With this we can let developers upload
applications to the Snap Store which automatically connect to the cups interface
for printing, without the risk that such applications mess with CUPS.
- We have discussed the concept further on the snapcraft.io forum (this post and
the following) to work out the details. Now only the finalization in snapd is
needed. The final concept link is above, only the paths for the CUPS socket
needed to get adjusted.
- Till has also presented his work on the CUPS Snap at the OpenPrinting Summit/PWG
meeting.
- Features and fixes in the past month:
- The CUPS Snap is now based on Ubuntu Core 20 and not Core 18 any more.
- The Core20 base Snap did not support mDNS host name lookup. This got fixed now
but the CUPS Snap also contains a workaround.
- Added libpaper support.
- Restricted the build architectures in the Snap Store to the actually supported
ones: amd64, arm64, and armhf.
- Upgraded the built-in Ghostscript to 9.54.
- Main TODOs are:
- Complete the security concept on the snapd side, especially implement the content
interfaces
- Testing
- Turn classic CUPS drivers into Printer Applications
- Add a migration script so that OS distributions can easily switch over from
classic packages to the CUPS Snap.
- Up to 21 May 2021, the CUPS Snap got installed from the Snap Store more than 1600
times! Note that it is still only on the Edge channel, there is not yet an
"official" release.
- CUPS (Mike)
- Current release is OP CUPS v2.3.3op2 on 1 February 2021.
- Michael Sweet presented his plans on CUPS 2.4.x and 3.x on the OpenPrinting
Summit/PWG Meeting.
- CUPS 2.4.x is supposed to get shared printers reporting all required
attributes/keys/values, OAuth 2.0/OpenID authentication, pkg-config support,
snapcraft support, "job-sheets-col" and better "media-col" attribute support, TLS
and X.509 improvements, and deprecate cups-config and Kerberos authentication.
- CUPS 3.x will be a major change in architecture, having the CUPS daemon split in
two, a user daemon to handle local printing to USB printers and printers in the
local network and a system daemon to share printers.
- Development of CUPS 2.4 is in progress, currently mainly fixing of bugs which were
reported to Apple's CUPS GitHub in the last 17 months.
- Ubuntu Hirsute Hippo (21.04) comes with CUPS 2.3.3op2, the CUPS Snap and the
PostScript Printer Application Snap use the current GIT master.
- CUPS v2.4rc1 planned changes (Mike)
- Added support for CUPS running in a Snapcraft snap.
- Added support for AirPrint and Mopria clients (Issue #105)
- Added configure support for specifying systemd dependencies in the CUPS service
file (Issue #144)
- Added several features and improvements to `ipptool` (Issue #153)
- The 'ipptool' command now correctly reports an error when a test file cannot be
found.
- Fixed Kerberos authentication for the web interface (Issue #19)
- The ZPL sample driver now supports more "standard" label sizes (Issue #70)
- Fixed reporting of printer instances when enumerating and when no options are set
for the main instance (Issue #71)
- Reverted USB read limit enforcement change from CUPS 2.2.12 (Issue #72)
- The IPP backend did not return the correct status code when a job was canceled at
the printer/server (Issue #74)
- The 'testlang' unit test program now loops over all of the available locales by
default (Issue #85)
- The 'cupsfilter' command now shows error messages when options are used incorrectly
(Issue #88)
- The PPD functions now treat boolean values as case-insensitive (Issue #106)
- Temporary queue names no longer end with an underscore (Issue #110)
- The USB backend now runs as root (Issue #121)
- Added pkg-config file for libcups (Issue #122)
- Fixed a PPD memory leak caused by emulator definitions (Issue #124)
- Fixed a 'DISPLAY' bug in 'ipptool' (Issue #139)
- The scheduler now includes the '[Job N]' prefix for job log messages, even when
using syslog logging (Issue #154)
- Added support for locales using the GB18030 character set (Issue #159)
- The IPP parser now errors out when reading a member attribute outside a collection.
- 'httpReconnect2' did not reset the socket file descriptor when the TLS negotiation
failed (Apple #5907)
- 'httpUpdate' did not reset the socket file descriptor when the TLS negotiation
failed (Apple #5915)
- The IPP backend now retries Validate-Job requests (Issue #132)
- Added a workaround for Solaris in 'httpAddrConnect2' (Issue #156)
- Now use a 60 second timeout for reading USB backchannel data (Issue #160)
- The USB backend now tries harder to find a serial number (Issue #170)
- Fixed '@IF(name)' handling in 'cupsd.conf' (Apple #5918)
- Fixed a job history update issue in the scheduler (Issue #187)
- Fixed 'job-pages-per-set' value for duplex print jobs.
- Documentation fixes (Issue #92, Issue #163, Issue #177, Issue #184)
- Localization updates (Issue #123, Issue #129, Issue #134, Issue #146, Issue #164)
- USB quirk updates (Apple #5766, Apple #5838, Apple #5843, Apple #5867)
- Web interface updates (Issue #142)
- The 'ippeveprinter' tool now automatically uses an available port.
- Deprecated cups-config (Issue #97)
- Deprecated Kerberos ('AuthType Negotiate') authentication (Issue #98)
- Removed support for the (long deprecated and unused) 'FontPath', 'LPDConfigFile',
'KeepAliveTimeout', 'RIPCache', and 'SMBConfigFile' directives in 'cupsd.conf' and
'cups-files.conf'.
- CUPS Filters Summary (Till)
- Current release is v1.28.8 on 25 March 2021
- Till has also presented his work on cups-filters at the OpenPrinting Summit/PWG
meeting.
- Till has removed the duplicate PPD generator (for CUPS queues for driverless IPP
printers) from libppd, keeping the one in libcupsfilters. In this one, Till has
cleaned up the obtaining of human-readable strings, taking them from a PWF IPP
standard repository, which is included in the translation string files of CUPS.
See the OpenPrinting mailing list thread about this.
- Currently Till is working on improving the handling of color spaces and depths
when printing to a driverless printer in Apple or PWG Raster foirmat. Formerly,
the auto-generated PPD files of cups-filters provided choices in their "ColorModel"
option to select color space and depth manually. To make the "ColorModel" option
in the PPD mirror the "print-color-mode" IPP attribute and to make printing easier
for the user, Till is switching to automatic selection. See the thread on the
OpenPrinting mailing list and the thread on the Ghostscript developer mailing list.
Update: First version, applied to ghostscript() filter function, posted (see details
at the link above).
- Please subscribe to the OpenPrinting mailing list and/or to the Ghostscript mailing
list to participate in the discussions (see links above).
- Till has also merged Mohit Mohan's GSoC 2021 project of multi-threading support
for cups-browsed and fixed several bugs in cups-browsed and the filters, many were
fixed by GSoC student candidates as assignments.
- Ubuntu Hirsute Hippo (21.04) comes with cups-filters v1.28.8, also the CUPS Snap
currently uses this version. The PostScript Printer Application Snap uses the
current GIT master of cups-filters.
- CUPS Filters release v2.0.0 planned changes (Till)
- libcupsfilters: Changed "ColorModel" option in the PPDs from the PPD generator to
mirror the print-color-mode IPP attribute instead of providing all color space/depth
combos for manual selection. Color space and depth are now auto-selected by the
urf-supported and pwg-raster-document-type-supported printer IPP attributes and the
settings of print-color-mode and print-quality.
This is now implemented in the ghostscript() filter function both for use of the
auto-generated PPD file for driverless IPP printers and use without PPD, based on
IPP attributes.
For this the new library, functions cupsRasterPrepareHeader() to create a header
for Raster output and cupsRasterSetColorSpace() to auto-select color space and
depth were created.
- libcupsfilters: In the ghostscript() filter function fixed Ghostscript command line
for counting pages as it took too long on PDFs from evidence when printing DjVu
files (Issue #354, Pull request #371, Ubuntu bug #1920730).
- cups-browsed: Renamed ldap_connect() due to conflict in new openldap (Issue #367,
Pull request #370).
- libcupsfilters: Clean-up of human-readable string handling in the PPD generator.
- libcupsfilters: Function name clean-up for the PPD generator.
- libppd: Removed ppdCreateFromIPPCUPS(), we have a better one in libcupsfilters.
- pdftoraster: Free color data after processing of each page (Pull request #363).
- imagetopdf, imagetops, imagetoraster: Removed support for asymmetric image
resolutions ("ppi=XXXxYYY") as CUPS does not support this (Issue #347, Pull
request #361, OpenPrinting CUPS issue #115).
- cups-browsed: Added multi-threaded operation, the Avahi resolver callback (which
examines the remote printer, registers it, checks whether we want a local queue
for it, adds it to a cluster, ...) and the creation/modification of a local CUPS
queue is now done in separate threads, so that these processes can get executed
in parallel to keep the local queues up-to-date more timely and to not overload
the system's resources. Thanks a lot to Mohit Mohan who did this work as a Google
Summer of Code 2020 project (https://github.com/mohitmo/GSoC-2020-Documentation).
- cups-browsed: Always save "...-default" option entries from printers.conf,
regardless of presence or absence of PPD file (Pull request #359).
- cups-browsed: Start after network-online.target (Pull request #360).
- texttopdf: Set default margins when no PPD file is used (Pull request #356).
- CUPS Filters release v1.28.9 planned changes (Till)
- cups-browsed: Always save "...-default" option entries from printers.conf,
regardless of presence or absence of PPD file (Pull request #359).
- cups-browsed: Start after network-online.target (Pull request #360).
- texttopdf: Set default margins when no PPD file is used (Pull request #356).
- GSoC 2021
- Google has officially announced the accepted student projects. The Linux Foundation
got 19 student slots and so could accommodate all students that they considered for
mentoring. With this we can also run 5 student projects for OpenPrinting:
- cups-filters: Make sure all filter functions work without PPD files
Student: Suraj Kulriya
Mentors: Jai Luthra, Till Kamppeter, Dheeraj Yadav
- cups-filters: Convert filters to filter functions
Student: Pratyush Ranjan
Mentors: Till Kamppeter, Dheeraj Yadav
- cups-filters: Create a single, universal CUPS filter to replace the chain of
individual filters
Student: Pranshu Kharkwal
Mentors: Till Kamppeter, Dheeraj Yadav
- GUI for listing and managing available IPP Print/Scan services (or DNS-SD-advertised
network services in general)
Student: Divyasheel
Mentors: Till Kamppeter
- Firmware and other file handling in PAPPL
Student: Bhavna Kosta
Mentors: Jai Luthra, Till Kamppeter
- GSoC 2021 Timeline
- DONE - 29 January 2021 - Organization Applications Open
- Open source organizations that would like to participate as a mentor organization
in this year's program can apply.
- DONE - 19 February 2021 - Organization Application Deadline
- All organizations wishing to be a part of GSoC 2021 must complete their applications.
- DONE - 9 March 2021 - Organizations Announced - Linux Foundation accepted!
- Interested students can now begin discussing project ideas with accepted mentor
organizations.
- DONE - 29 March 2021 to 13 April 2021 - Student Application Period
- Students can register and submit their applications to mentor organizations.
- DONE - 13 April 2021 to 17 May 2021 - Application Review Period
- Organizations review and select student proposals.
- DONE - 17 May 2021 - Student Projects Announced
- Accepted students are paired with a mentor and start planning their projects and
milestones.
- 17 May 2021 to 7 June 2021 - Community Bonding
- Students spend a month learning more about their organization’s community.
- 7 June 2021 to 16 August 2021 - Coding
- Students work on their Google Summer of Code projects.
- 12-16 July 2021 - Evaluations
- Mentors and students submit their evaluations of one another.
- 16-23 August 2021 - Students Submit Code and Final Evaluations
- Students submit their code, project summaries, and final evaluations of their
mentors.
- 23-30 August 2021 - Mentors Submit Final Evaluations
- Mentors review student code samples and determine if the students have
successfully completed their Google Summer of Code 2021 project.
- 31 August 2021 - Results Announced
- Students are notified of the pass/fail status of their Google Summer of Code 2021
projects.
- GSoD 2021 - With our application for this year’s Google Season of Docs, we did not get accepted. - GSoD 2021 Timeline - DONE - 9 February 9 2021 - Organizations can begin submitting applications to Google - DONE - 26 March 2021 - Deadline for organization applications - DONE - 26 March to 15 April 2021 - Google administrators review organization applications - DONE - 16 April 2021 - Google publishes the list of accepted organizations - 17 May 2021 - Technical writer hiring deadline - 16-23 June 2021 - First monthly evaluation period - 16-23 July 2021 - Second monthly evaluation period - 16-23 August 2021 - Third monthly evaluation period - 16-23 September 2021 - Fourth monthly evaluation period - 15-22 October 2021 - Fifth and final monthly evaluation period - 16-30 November 2021 - Organizations submit their case study and final project evaluation - 14 December 2021 - Google publishes 2021 GSoD case studies and aggregate project data
- PWG Virtual F2F - 17-19 August 2021 - Ira/Aveek to attend
- https://www.pwg.org/chair/meeting-info/meetings.html
- Status of AMSC and ISO liaisons w/ PWG (Paul Tykodi)
- http://ftp.pwg.org/pub/pwg/general/sc/pwg-sc-call-minutes-20210405.htm
- http://ftp.pwg.org/pub/pwg/general/sc/pwg-sc-call-minutes-20210419.htm
- http://ftp.pwg.org/pub/pwg/general/sc/pwg-sc-call-minutes-20210517.htm
- see PWG Steering Committee minutes from 04/05/21, 04/19/21, 05/17/21
- PWG Hardcopy Device Security Guidelines v1.0 - Interim draft
- https://ftp.pwg.org/pub/pwg/ids/wd/wd-idshcdsec10-20210504-rev.pdf
- for a Best Practice
- Smith sent WiFi contributions on 14 December 2020
- PWG F2F review on 6 May 2021
- Schedule - Prototype draft in Q3/Q4 2021
- IPP Everywhere v1.0 Printer Self-Cert Tools Update 5 (Mike)
- https://www.pwg.org/archives/ipp/2020/020590.html
- IPP WG Last Call started 17 June 2020 ended 13 August 2020
- v1.0 Tools approved on 13 August 2020
- PWG Virtual F2F status on 9 February 2021
- IPP Everywhere v1.0 certifications accepted until 30 June 2021
or later with a waiver from PWG Steering Committee
- IPP Everywhere v1.1 Printer Self-Certification Tools Update 3 (Mike)
- https://www.pwg.org/archives/ipp/2021/020938.html
- HP and Lexmark feedback on the document format tests - for Update 3
- v.1 Tools approved on 22 October 2020
- PWG Virtual F2F status on 4 May 2021
- IPP WG Last Call started 17 May 2021
- IPP Everywhere v1.1 certifications required after 1 July 2021
- IPP Workgroup Charter (Ira) - PWG Approved
- http://ftp.pwg.org/pub/pwg/ipp/charter/ch-ipp-charter-20210409.pdf
- update for new IPP WG projects
- PWG Approved on 9 April 2021
- IPP INFRA Cloud Proxy Registration (Cihan, Mike) - proposed
- https://www.pwg.org/archives/ipp/2020/020688.html
- https://ftp.pwg.org/pub/pwg/ipp/slides/ipp-wg-agenda-november-20.pdf
- for a Registration (near-term)
- minor update of IPP System Service and IPP Infrastructure Printing
- offline discussions with Microsoft about Universal Printing coherence
- PWG Virtual F2F discussion on 6 May 2021
- Schedule - TBD
- IPP Finishings v3.0 (Smith) - Prototype draft
- https://ftp.pwg.org/pub/pwg/ipp/wd/wd-ippfinishings30-2021412-rev.pdf
- for a Candidate Standard
- major update of PWG 5100.1-2017
- PWG Virtual F2F status on 5 May 2021
- IPP WG review on 20 May 2021
- Schedule - Stable draft in Q3/Q4 2021
- IPP 2.x (Mike/Ira) - Interim draft
- https://ftp.pwg.org/pub/pwg/ipp/wd/wd-ippbase23-20210424.pdf
- https://github.com/istopwg/ippsample/wiki/Planned-PWG-Errata-Updates
- major update of PWG 5100.12-2015
- point to new IPP PPX, EPX etc.
- PWG Virtual F2F review on 6 May 2021
- Schedule - Prototype draft in Q3 2021
- IPP Production Printing Ext v2.0 (Mike) - Prototype draft
- https://ftp.pwg.org/pub/pwg/ipp/wd/wd-ippppx20-20210424-rev.pdf
- for a Candidate Standard
- major update of PWG 5100.3-2001
- PWG Virtual F2F review on 7 May 2021
- Schedule - Stable draft in Q3/Q4 2021
- IPP Enterprise Printing Extensions v2.0 (Smith) - Prototype draft
- https://ftp.pwg.org/pub/pwg/ipp/wd/wd-ippepx20-20210423-rev.pdf
- for a Candidate Standard
- major update of PWG 5100.11-2010
- PWG Virtual F2F review on 6 May 2021
- IPP WG review on 20 May 2021
- Schedule - Stable draft Q3/Q4 2021
- IPP Driverless Printing Extensions v2.0 (Smith) - Interim draft
- https://ftp.pwg.org/pub/pwg/ipp/wd-ippnodriver20-20201029-rev.pdf
- for a Candidate Standard
- major update of PWG 5100.13-2012
- PWG Virtual F2F review on 7 May 2021
- IPP WG review on 20 May 2021
- Schedule - Prototype draft in Q3/Q4 2021
- IPP Encrypted Jobs and Documents (Mike/Smith) - Prototype draft
- https://ftp.pwg.org/pub/pwg/ipp/wd/wd-ipptrustnoone10-20210519-rev.pdf
- for a Candidate Standard
- PWG Virtual F2F review on 6 May 2021
- Schedule - Stable draft in Q1 2022
- 3GPP SA3#103e Virtual F2F - 17-28 May 2021 - Ira to monitor - https://www.3gpp.org/specifications-groups/sa-plenary/sa3-security - ETSI SAI#9 Virtual F2F - 1-2 June 2021 - Ira to monitor - https://www.etsi.org/committee/sai - US NIST Supply Chain Security Workshop - 2-3 June 2021 - Ira to attend - https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2021/06/enhancing-software-supply-chain-security-workshop-and-call-position - US NIST Post Quantum Computing Workshop - 7-9 June 2021 - Ira to attend - https://csrc.nist.gov/Events/2021/third-pqc-standardization-conference - TCG Members Meeting Virtual F2F - 14-18 June 2021 - Ira to attend - https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/ - ISO TC22/SC32/WG12 Virtual F2F - 21 June to 2 July 2021 - Ira to attend - https://www.iso.org/standard/77796.html (ISO 24089 Road Vehicles Software Update) - IETF 111 Virtual F2F - 26-30 July 2021 - Ira to attend - https://www.ietf.org/how/meetings/111/ - PWG Virtual F2F - 17-19 August 2021 - Ira/Aveek to attend - https://www.pwg.org/chair/meeting-info/meetings.html - ISO TC22/SC32/WG12 Virtual F2F - 23-27 August 2021 - Ira to attend - https://www.iso.org/standard/77796.html (ISO 24089 Road Vehicles Software Update)
Open Action Items
Next OP US/Europe/Brazil/India Conference Calls
- Tuesday 22 June 2021, Daytime - CANCELED due to TC22/SC32/WG12 conference
- Note - ISO TC22/SC32/WG12 Virtual F2F - 21 June to 2 July 2021 - Ira to attend
- Tuesday 13 July 2021, Daytime
- Web conference to be announced
- Note - ISO TC22/SC32/WG12 Virtual F2F - 21 June to 2 July 2021
- Note - IETF 111 Virtual F2F - 26-30 July 2021
- US
10am in San Francisco - US PDT (Pacific Daylight Time)
11am in Colorado - US MDT (Mountain Daylight Time)
12am in Chicago - US CDT (Central Daylight Time)
1pm in New York - US EDT (Eastern Daylight Time)
- Europe
7pm in Berlin - CEST (Central Europe Summer Time)
- Brazil
2pm in Belo Horizonte - BRT (Brasilia Time)
- India
10:30pm in New Delhi - IST (India Standard Time)
- Tuesday 10 August 2021, Daytime
- Web conference to be announced
- Note - PWG Virtual F2F - 17-19 August 2021
- Note - ISO TC22/SC32/WG12 Virtual F2F - 23-27 August 2021 - Ira to attend
- US
10am in San Francisco - US PDT (Pacific Daylight Time)
11am in Colorado - US MDT (Mountain Daylight Time)
12am in Chicago - US CDT (Central Daylight Time)
1pm in New York - US EDT (Eastern Daylight Time)
- Europe
7pm in Berlin - CEST (Central Europe Summer Time)
- Brazil
2pm in Belo Horizonte - BRT (Brasilia Time)
- India
10:30pm in New Delhi - IST (India Standard Time)